Fertility Myths Debunked: Science-Backed Facts You Can Trust

If you’re worried about your fertility, you’re not alone. Around 40% of women in the United States express concerns about their ability to conceive, yet many lack clear, accurate information about what truly affects fertility. Misconceptions are common—one-third of women are unaware of the impact of factors like sexually transmitted infections, obesity, or irregular menstrual cycles, and nearly half are unfamiliar with how the ovulatory cycle works. These gaps in knowledge can lead to unnecessary anxiety or misplaced hope, making it harder to make informed decisions about your reproductive health .

Fertility myths are widespread and can be deeply distressing. Many people believe infertility is mostly a woman’s problem, or that stress alone causes infertility, or that healthy habits guarantee easy conception. Others overestimate the power of medical technology to overcome age-related fertility decline, believing that pregnancy is easily achievable well into the 40s or beyond. These myths can create emotional strain and delay seeking the right support or treatment. Understanding the real, science-backed facts about fertility empowers you to take control of your reproductive journey and seek compassionate, effective care when you need it.

What percentage of infertility is actually male factor, and why should both partners get checked?

Male factor infertility is a significant contributor to couples’ difficulty conceiving. Current research shows that male factors are responsible for about 30–50% of all infertility cases in the United States, and in roughly 20–30% of cases, the male partner is the sole cause. In about half of all couples facing infertility, both partners may have contributing factors, making a thorough evaluation of each essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment .

Both you and your partner should get checked if you’re struggling to conceive. Here’s why:

• Infertility is often complex, with overlapping male and female causes.
• Early evaluation can identify treatable conditions, such as infections, hormonal imbalances, or lifestyle factors.
• Timely diagnosis improves your chances of natural conception or guides you to the most effective assisted reproductive options.
• Addressing both partners’ health reduces emotional stress and avoids unnecessary delays.

As Dr. Michael L. Eisenberg, MD, Director of Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery at Stanford University, states: “A comprehensive evaluation of both partners is critical, as male factors contribute to up to half of all infertility cases, and early intervention can make a significant difference in outcomes” 1.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 9% of men and 11% of women of reproductive age in the U.S. have experienced fertility problems, underscoring the importance of a gender-inclusive approach to fertility care.

For a deeper dive, see Sperm Health 101.

Does female fertility really fall off a cliff at 30 or 35?

Female fertility does not suddenly “fall off a cliff” at age 30 or 35, but it does decline gradually starting in the early 30s, with a more noticeable drop after age 35. Research from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) shows that fertility begins to decrease around age 32 and declines more rapidly after age 37. By age 35, the chance of conceiving each month is lower than in your 20s, and by age 40, it drops even further—only about 44% of women who start trying at 40 will have a live birth within a year, compared to 75% at age 30 and 66% at age 35.

This decline is due to both a reduction in the number and quality of eggs, as well as age-related changes in the uterus and endometrium that can affect implantation and pregnancy outcomes . Assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), can help but cannot fully compensate for the natural decline in fertility after age 35 3. As a result, experts recommend that women over 35 seek fertility evaluation after six months of trying to conceive, and those over 40 seek help even sooner . Understanding these facts can help you make informed decisions about your reproductive plans and seek timely support if needed.

Explore test details in Ovarian Reserve Explained.

Can everyday stress, coffee, or a nightly glass of wine really block pregnancy?

Everyday stress, moderate coffee, or a nightly glass of wine are common parts of life, but their impact on fertility is often misunderstood. High levels of chronic stress can disrupt hormone balance and ovulation in women and reduce semen quality in men, potentially lowering your chances of conception. However, everyday stress alone rarely “blocks” pregnancy; managing stress is important, but it is just one piece of the fertility puzzle .

• Coffee/Caffeine: Moderate caffeine intake (about one to two cups of coffee per day) does not appear to significantly affect fertility for most people. Some studies suggest that very high caffeine consumption may slightly reduce fertility, but evidence is inconsistent. Caffeine from cola and energy drinks may have a greater negative effect than coffee or tea .
• Alcohol: Regular alcohol use, even at low to moderate levels, is linked to reduced fertility in women and may lower sperm quality in men. One study found that women who drank alcohol had a more than 50% reduction in the probability of conception per cycle. Combining alcohol with high caffeine intake may further decrease your chances of getting pregnant .

Expert guidance supports moderation. As Dr. Rashmi K. Sharma, MD, reproductive endocrinologist, notes: “Lifestyle factors such as stress, alcohol, and caffeine can influence fertility, but their effects are often dose-dependent and reversible with healthy changes” .

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends limiting alcohol and keeping caffeine intake moderate when trying to conceive. Focusing on balanced habits and self-care can help support your fertility journey .

For guided stress-management steps, visit our Fertility 101 guide.

How fast does fertility return after stopping birth control?

Fertility usually returns quickly after you stop most forms of birth control. For most people, ovulation and the ability to conceive resume within a few weeks to a few months. Studies show that about 88–97% of women become pregnant within 12 months after stopping hormonal contraceptives, such as oral contraceptive pills, implants, or intrauterine devices (IUDs). The return to fertility is fastest with IUDs and implants, while injectable methods like Depo-Provera may cause a longer delay—up to several months for some users, but most regain fertility within a year .

Key points:

• Oral contraceptive pills: Most regain fertility within 1–3 months; 72–94% conceive within a year .
• Implants and IUDs: Fertility returns almost immediately; over 97% conceive within a year .
• Injectable contraceptives (e.g., Depo-Provera): Some experience a delay of several months, but 75% conceive within a year .
• Age and individual health: Older age and certain health conditions may slightly delay fertility return, regardless of contraceptive method .

According to a 2023 study in PLOS ONE, “The proportion of fertility return among women after discontinuation of any hormonal contraceptive methods was high,” and counseling should address concerns about delays to avoid confusion and anxiety. Most people can expect their fertility to return to normal within a year of stopping birth control, and often much sooner.

Track your first true ovulation with basal temperature, cervical mucus, or OPKs—outlined in Ovulation Signals. If cycles stay irregular beyond three months, schedule a check-up to rule out PCOS or thyroid issues.

Do we need daily sex, gravity tricks, or special positions to conceive faster?

You do not need daily sex, gravity tricks, or special positions to conceive faster. The most important factor is having sex regularly—about every 2 to 3 days—throughout your cycle, especially during your fertile window (the 5–6 days leading up to and including ovulation). Studies show that couples who have intercourse several times per week have a much higher chance of conceiving than those with less frequent sex; for example, women who had sex several times per week were over three times more likely to conceive quickly than those with less frequent intercourse .

• Frequency matters most: More frequent sex, especially during the fertile window, shortens the time to pregnancy .
• Timing is key: Intercourse is most effective in the days just before and during ovulation .
• Positions and gravity tricks: There is no scientific evidence that special positions or lying down after sex increases your chances of conception .
• Daily sex: While daily sex during the fertile window can slightly increase your chances, every other day is nearly as effective and less stressful for most couples .

The frequency and timing of intercourse are the most important factors for conception. There is no evidence that special positions or post-coital routines make a difference.

Focus on regular, enjoyable intimacy rather than rigid schedules or unproven tricks. This approach supports both your emotional well-being and your chances of conceiving.

For timing nuance, read Egg vs. Sperm Lifespan.

Are “fertility superfoods,” detox teas, or supplements worth the hype?

“Fertility superfoods,” detox teas, and supplements are often marketed as quick fixes, but the science is more nuanced. No single food or tea guarantees pregnancy. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats supports fertility for all genders. Antioxidant-rich foods and some supplements—like folic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, selenium, zinc, and coenzyme Q10—may improve sperm quality and, in some cases, female reproductive health, especially when correcting a deficiency 1. However, excessive use of supplements or antioxidants can be harmful, and most benefits come from overall healthy eating rather than isolated “superfoods” or detox products.

• Detox teas lack evidence for fertility benefits and may even be risky due to unregulated ingredients.
• Folic acid is the only supplement universally recommended for women trying to conceive.
• Other supplements should be tailored to your needs and discussed with your healthcare provider.

As Dr. Audrey Gaskins, ScD, fertility nutrition researcher, notes: “Adherence to healthy diets favoring seafood, poultry, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are related to better fertility in women and better semen quality in men” 1.

Focus on a varied, nutrient-rich diet and consult your doctor before starting any supplement or detox regimen.

Below is a quick evidence snapshot:

Male diet counts, too: adequate zinc, omega-3s, and antioxidants correlate with better motility.

Will IVF use up my eggs, cause cancer, or guarantee a baby?

IVF does not “use up” your eggs in a way that would cause early menopause; each cycle recruits a group of eggs that would naturally be lost that month, so IVF does not accelerate overall egg depletion. IVF also does not guarantee a baby: after three complete cycles, the chance of having a live birth is about 42%, and with up to eight cycles, the cumulative chance can reach over 80% for those who persist, though success depends on age and individual factors. IVF carries some risks, including a higher chance of multiple pregnancies (twins or more), which can increase complications for both mother and babies, as well as a small risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and preterm birth.

Current research does not show that IVF increases the risk of cancer; large studies have found no significant link between IVF and breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer, though ongoing monitoring continues. While IVF is a powerful tool for many facing infertility, it is not a guarantee, and outcomes depend on age, health, and the cause of infertility. Consulting with a fertility specialist can help clarify your personal chances and risks.

Learn what happens after transfer in our Implantation Timeline.

How can emotional resilience and inclusive care strengthen your fertility journey?

Emotional resilience and inclusive care play crucial roles in strengthening the fertility journey. Emotional resilience helps individuals and couples better cope with the stress, disappointment, and uncertainty that often accompany fertility challenges, leading to a higher quality of life and greater persistence in treatment. Studies show that resilience can buffer the negative effects of infertility-related stress, making setbacks less overwhelming and supporting ongoing hope and engagement with care. Social support and resilience-based interventions, such as mindfulness or counseling, further enhance well-being and can mediate the impact of stress on fertility-related quality of life.

Inclusive care—care that is culturally competent, sensitive to diverse backgrounds, and tailored to the needs of all individuals, including LGBTQ+ people—removes barriers, reduces psychological distress, and fosters a sense of belonging and safety. Patients who receive individualized, supportive, and inclusive care report greater satisfaction, lower emotional burden, and improved mental health outcomes during fertility treatment. Addressing emotional and cultural needs not only improves the experience but may also support better engagement and outcomes throughout the fertility journey.

Inclusive clinics now offer tailored paths for LGBTQ+ couples, single parents by choice, and cancer survivors pursuing fertility preservation. A welcoming care team also optimizes the Uterine Environment 101, ensuring everyone starts from the best possible baseline.

Your Top Questions, Answered

Does breastfeeding prevent pregnancy?
Breastfeeding can reduce the chance of pregnancy, especially in the first six months after birth if periods have not returned and the baby is exclusively breastfed (no formula or solids). This is called the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM), but it is not foolproof—pregnancy can still occur, especially as breastfeeding frequency decreases or menstruation resumes.

Can hot tubs or tight underwear wreck sperm?
High temperatures from hot tubs, saunas, or wearing tight underwear can temporarily lower sperm count and quality. Sperm production is sensitive to heat, so avoiding prolonged exposure to high temperatures is recommended for those trying to conceive.

How soon should we see a specialist?
Most couples should see a fertility specialist if they have not conceived after 12 months of regular, unprotected sex (or after 6 months if the woman is over 35). Earlier evaluation is advised if there are known risk factors like irregular periods, previous pelvic surgery, or male fertility concerns.

Is secondary infertility real?
Yes, secondary infertility—difficulty conceiving after already having a child—is real and can be as emotionally challenging as primary infertility. It is recognized by medical professionals and may have similar or new causes compared to primary infertility.

Are fertility apps accurate?
Fertility apps are popular, but many lack scientific accuracy and may not reliably predict fertile days or prevent pregnancy. Users should be cautious and not rely solely on apps for contraception or conception; consulting a healthcare provider for guidance is best.

What’s the bottom line on fertility myths?

The bottom line on fertility myths is that many widely held beliefs about conception and infertility are not supported by scientific evidence and can cause unnecessary stress or false hope. Common myths include the idea that infertility is only a woman’s problem, that stress alone causes infertility, or that certain sexual positions, frequent intercourse, or “superfoods” can dramatically boost fertility—none of which are true.

Both men and women can contribute to infertility, and lifestyle factors like smoking, excessive alcohol, and age have real impacts, while myths about rural living, healthy habits, or supernatural causes do not. Another persistent myth is that assisted reproductive technologies like IVF can easily overcome age-related fertility decline, but success rates drop significantly after age 35, and especially after 40, despite media stories suggesting otherwise.

Belief in these myths can delay seeking appropriate medical help and increase emotional distress for couples struggling to conceive. Reliable advice should be based on scientific facts, not hearsay or cultural traditions, and individuals should consult healthcare professionals for accurate information. Public education is essential to dispel these myths and support informed, less stressful fertility journeys.

Ready for your next evidence-based step? Decode your personal fertile window with our Cervical Mucus Decoder and move toward the family you envision with confidence and clarity.

References

1. Male infertility. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 9, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-023-00459-w

2. Age-related uterine changes and its association with poor reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-024-01323-6

3. Lifestyle factors and reproductive health: taking control of your fertility. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E, 11, 66 - 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-11-66

4. Female age-related fertility decline. Committee Opinion No. 589… Fertility and sterility, 101 3, 633-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.12.032

5. Fertility return after hormonal contraceptive discontinuation and associated factors among women attended Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia Dessie model clinic, Northeast Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287440

6. Frequency of sexual intercourse and fecundability among women trying to conceive in Japan. Human Reproduction. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dead093.789

7. IVF success rates: challenging the concept of recurrent implantation failure. Human Reproduction. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deae108.232

8. Nutrition and Female Fertility: An Interdependent Correlation. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00346

9. Antioxidant Supplementation on Male Fertility—A Systematic Review. Antioxidants, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040836

10. Diet and fertility: a review. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218, 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.08.010

11. Male infertility. The Lancet, 397, 319-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32667-2